![]() ![]() He is dismissive of her feelings and uses her for his own pleasure without consideration for her well-being. This is further perpetuated when Marianne delves into another relationship with an abusive photographer, Lukas. Sometimes I think I deserve bad things because I am a bad person. “‘Maybe I want to be treated badly,” Marianne says in the novel. During their relationship, Marianne develops this intense desire to be physically abused during intercourse which reflects how her sense of unworthiness gave way to a sense of self-loathing. Meet Jamie, a wealthy, respected man with ties in government who often disregards Marianne. When Connell and Marianne break up a second time while attending Trinity College in Dublin together, Marianne finds another partner to seek approval. Throughout her life, people always comment on Marianne’s plain appearance and constantly remind her that her physical image is the primary maker of worth and desirability. ![]() Marianne internalizes these unattainable societal expectations about a woman’s appearance and behavior, which lead to feelings of inadequacy and insecurity. The male gaze describes how visual art has traditionally depicted the world and has been consumed from a masculine perspective, which fosters the idea that women are passive subjects. ![]() While the novel mainly focuses on Marianne and Connell, the characterization of Marianne alludes to the important feminist theory of the “male gaze,” coined by academic Laura Mulvey in the 1970s. ![]()
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